He left us five symphonies, seven operas, three operettas, nineteen ballets, and several other compositions. Where did this battle occur in 1805?Īrthur Honegger (1892-1955) was a Swiss composer. Geronimo Gimenez y Bellido completed in 1890 a zarzuela named after the best known naval battle fought by the Napoleonic fleet. By the way, Dessalines was also the first chief of state of African descent anywhere in the Americas. Dessalines chose the title of Emperor and adopted the name Jacques I. In 1803, the French were expelled and Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758-1806) became the first Haitian ruler. Toussaint l'Ouverture (1743-1803) started in 1794 a slave revolt in Haiti. These Dutch Antilles are still part of the Dutch Kingdom, but they have obtained a "status apart": the local government depends on the Netherlands only for military, foreign and monetary affairs. The first Mexican Emperor was Agustin de Iturbide (1783-1824), deposed in 1823.Ĭuracao and the other Antillean islands, Aruba and Bonaire, are today (2007) still not independent. Mexico declared itself independent from Spain in 1821. However, the Cuban government was in fact under US control until 1925. He completed four operas: "Barbarossa", "Toussaint l'Ouverture", "Das Johannisfeuer" ("Saint John's Fire") and "Walpurgisnacht" ("Saint Walpurgis Night").Ĭuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898 after a revolt undertaken inspired by (among others) the poet Jose Marti (1853-1895). Gottfried Hermann (1808-1878) was a German violinist and composer.
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